Sharon BegleysHappiness Enough Already - 977 Words

In â€Å"Happiness: Enough Already,† Sharon Begley argues that happiness is overrated and it should not always be a priority in your life. Begley argues that although everyone’s goal in life is to be happy, â€Å"too much happiness might not be such a good thing† (555). Begley believes that happiness is overrated and the media is forcing people to be happy against their will. For example, the media forces people to be happy against their will by advertising their self-help books, magazine articles and motivational speakers. The media also promotes the pharmaceutical companies that claim they are â€Å"working on a new drug to make [people] happier† (556). Begley also states that research has concluded â€Å"that being happier is not always better† and â€Å"the†¦show more content†¦She is an â€Å"award-winning staff writer at Newsweek† and â€Å"has written scores of articles that decode the complexities of science for lay readers† (554). In addition, Begley also â€Å"wrote for the ‘Science Journal’ column for the Wall Street Journal† which  "first appeared on the Newsweek-affiliated Web site the Daily Beast† (554). These credentials are evidence that allow the reader to trust her as a reliable author. Begley’s article is also trustworthy because she introduces sources that have published research on happiness, are psychologists or psychiatrists, and support her argument. For example, Begley mentions Ed Diener, a psychologist â€Å"who has studied happiness for a quarter century† (555). She also mentions the global research that has concluded that the people with â€Å"the highest levels of happiness† tend to put in less effort into improving and changing their lives (556). Begley also supports her article by mentioning several examples of well-known people who used their â€Å"negative emotions, including sadness, to direct [their] thinking† (557). For example, Begley mentions that â€Å"Beethoven composed his later works in a melancholic funk† (557). Begley believes that the ne gative emotions that lead famous people to their critical thinking can also help people such as, college students (557). Begley’s article is mainly directed to college students, their parents and young adults. The article is directed to college students and young adults because

Sop for Msc in Electrical Engineering Free Essays

string(54) " interruption of a communication on an existing call\." e idea of the first cellular network was brainstormed in 1947. It was intended to be used for military purposes as a way of supplying troops with more advanced forms of communications. From 1947 till about 1979 several different forms of broadcasting technology emerged. We will write a custom essay sample on Sop for Msc in Electrical Engineering or any similar topic only for you Order Now The United States began to develop the AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone Service) network, while European countries were developing their own forms of communication. 1. 2 History of GSM Technology Europeans quickly realized the disadvantages of each European country operating on their mobile network. It prevents cell phone use from country to country within Europe. With the emerging European Union and high travel volume between countries in Europe this was seen as a problem. Rectifying the situation the Conference of European Posts and Telegraphs (CEPT) assembled a research group with intentions of researching the mobile phone system in Europe. This group was called Group Special Mobile (GSM). For the next ten years the GSM group outlined standards, researched technology and designed a way to implement a pan-European mobile phone network. In 1989 work done by the GSM group was transferred to the European Telecommunication Standards Institute (ETSI). The name GSM was transposed to name the type of service invented. The acronym GSM had been changed from Group Special Mobile to Global Systems Mobile Telecommunications. By April of 1991 commercial service of the GSM network had begun. Just a year and half later in 1993 there were already 36 GSM networks in over 22 countries. Several other countries were on the rise to adopt this new mobile phone network and participate in what was becoming a worldwide standard. At the same time, GSM also became widely used in the Middle East, South Africa and Australia. While the European Union had developed a sophisticated digital cell phone system, the United States was still operating primarily on the old, analog AMPS network and TDMA. Department of EC 2010 Lovely Institute of Technology, Phagwara 2 RF OPTIMIZATION AND PLANNING In the end o the end of October 2001, Cingular was the first to announce their switch to the 3G GSM network. This involved switching more then 22 million customers from TDMA to GSM. In 2005 Cingular stopped new phone activation on the TDMA network and began only selling GSM service. 1. History of GSM in brief †¢1982:CEPT (Conference of European Posts and Telecommunications) establishes a GSM group in order to develop the standards for pan-European cellular mobile system †¢1988:Validation of the GSM System. †¢1991:Commercial launch of the GSM service. †¢1992:Enlargement of the countries that signed the GSM-MoU Coverage of larger cities/airports. †¢1993:Coverage of main roads GSM services start outsi de Europe. †¢1995:Phase 2 of the GSM specifications Coverage of rural areas. 1. 4 GSM Frequency Band There are five major GSM frequencies that have become standard worldwide. They are following  ¦GSM-1800  ¦GSM850 GSM-1900  ¦GSM-400 1. 4. 1 GSM-900 and GSM-1800 GSM-900 and GSM-1800 are standards used mostly worldwide. It is the frequency European phones operate on as well as most of Asia and Australia. 1. 4. 2 GSM-850 and GSM-1900 GSM-850 and GSM-1900 are primarily United States frequencies. They are also the standard for Canada GSM service and countries in Latin and South America. Most of the Cingular network operates on GSM 850, while much of T-Mobile operates at GSM-1900. T-Mobile however, has roaming agreements with Cingular. Meaning in the case of no service at GSM-1900, the phone will switch to GSM-850 and operate on Cingular’s network. . 4. 3 GSM-400 GSM-400 is the least popular of the bunch and is rarely used. It is an older frequency that was used in Russi a and Europe before GSM-900 and GSM-1800 became available. There are not many networks currently operating at this frequency. .5 GSM Services . The GSM services are grouped into three categories: 1. Teleservices (TS) 2. Bearer services (BS) 3. Supplementary services (SS) 1. 5. 1 Teleservices Regular telephony, emergency calls, and voice messaging are within Teleservices. Telephony, the old bidirectional speech calls, is certainly the most popular of all services. An emergency call is a feature that allows the mobile subscriber to contact a nearby emergency service, such as police, by dialing a unique number. Voice messaging permits a message to be stored within the voice mailbox of the called party either because the called party is not reachable or because the calling party chooses to do so. 1. 5. 2 Bearer Services Data services, short message service (SMS), cell broadcast, and local features are within BS. Rates up to 9. 6 kbit/s are supported. With a suitable data terminal or computer connected directly to the mobile apparatus, data may be sent through circuit-switched or packet-switched networks. Short messages containing as many as 160 alphanumeric characters can be transmitted to or from a mobile phone. In this case, a message center is necessary. The broadcast mode (to all subscribers) in a given geographic area may also be used for short messages of up to 93 alphanumeric characters. Some local features of the mobile terminal may be used. These may include, for example, abbreviated dialing, edition of short messages, repetition of failed calls, and others. .5. 3 Supplementary Services Some of the Supplementary Services are as follows: 1. Advice of charge:- This SS details the cost of a call in progress. 2. Barring of all outgoing calls: – This SS blocks outgoing calls. 3. Barring of international calls:- This SS blocks incoming or outgoing international calls as a whole or only those associated with a specific basic service, as desired. 4. Barring of roaming calls: – This SS blocks all the incoming roaming calls or only those associated with a specific service. 5. Call forwarding:- This SS forwards all incoming calls, or only those associated with a specific basic service, to another directory number. The forwarding may be unconditional or may be performed when the mobile subscriber is busy, when there is no reply, when the mobile subscriber is not reachable, or when there is radio congestion. 6. Call hold: – This SS allows interruption of a communication on an existing call. You read "Sop for Msc in Electrical Engineering" in category "Essay examples" Subsequent reestablishment of the call is permitted. 7. Call waiting: – This SS permits the notification of an incoming call when the mobile subscriber is busy. 8. Call transfer: – This SS permits the transference of an established incoming or outgoing call to a third party. 9. Completion of calls to busy subscribers: – This SS allows notification of when a busy called subscriber becomes free. At this time, if desired, the call is reinitiated. 10. Closed user group:- This SS allows a group of subscribers to communicate only among themselves. 11. Calling number identification presentation/restriction: – This SS permits the presentation or restricts the presentation of the calling party’s identification number (or additional address information). 12. Connected number identification presentation: – This SS indicatChapter 2 GSM Identitieses the phone number that has been reached Chapter 2 GSM Identities 2. Classification of GSM IDENTITY NUMBER  ¦Mobile Station ISDN Number (MSISDN)  ¦International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI)  ¦Mobile Station Roaming Number (MSRN)  ¦International Mobile Station Equipment Identity (IMEI)  ¦Location Area Identity (LAI) .2. 1 Mobile Station ISDN Number (MSISDN) The MSISDN is a number which uniquely identifies a mobile telephone subscription in the public switched telephone network numbering plan. According to the CCITT recommendations, the mobile telephone number or catalogue number to be dialled is composed in the following way: MSISDN = CC + NDC + SN CC = Country Code NDC = National Destination Code SN = Subscriber Number E. g. 919822012345 = 91 + 98 + 22 + 012345 A National Destination Code is allocated to each GSM PLMN. In some countries, more than one NDC may be required for each GSM PLMN. The international MSISDN number may be of variable length. The maximum length shall be 15 digits, prefixes not included. 2. 2 International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) The IMSI is the information which uniquely identifies a subscriber in a GSM/PLMN. For a correct identification over the radio path and through the GSM PLMN network, a specific identity is allocated to each subscriber. This identity is called the International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) and is used for all signalling in the PLMN. It will be stored in the Subscriber Identity Module (SIM), as well as in the Home Location Register (HLR) and in the serving Visitor Location Register (VLR). The IMSI consists of three different parts: IMSI = MCC + MNC + MSIN MCC = Mobile Country Code (3 digits) MNC = Mobile Network Code (2 digits) MSIN = Mobile Subscriber Identification Number (max 10 digits) e. g. 404 + 22 +0000123456 According to the GSM recommendations, the IMSI will have a length of maximum 15 digits. All network–related subscriber information is connected to the IMSI 2. 3 Mobile Station Roaming Number (MSRN) HLR knows in what MSC/VLR Service Area the subscriber is located. In order to provide a temporary number to be used for routing, the HLR requests the current MSC/VLR to allocate and return a Mobile Station Roaming Number (MSRN) for the called subscriber At reception of the MSRN, HLR sends it to the GMSC, which can now route the call to the MSC/VLR exchange where the called subscriber is currently registered. The interrogation call routing function (request for an MSRN) is part of the Mobile Application Part (MAP). All data exchanged between the GMSC – HLR – MSC/VLR for the purpose of interrogation is sent over the No. 7 signalling network. The Mobile Station Roaming Number (MSRN), according to the GSM recommendations, consists of three parts: MSRN = CC + NDC + SN CC = Country Code NDC = National Destination Code SN = Subscriber Number e. g. : 91 + 98 + 22 + 005XXX where, 005XXX is sent by MSC. 00 is for Pune MSC, 20 is for Nagpur MSC, 10 is for Goa MSC. Note: In this case, SN is the address to the serving MSC The IMEI is used for equipment identification. An IMEI uniquely identifies a mobile station as a piece or assembly of equipment. (See IMEI, chapter 5. ) IMEI = TAC + FAC + SNR + sp TAC = Type Approval Code (6 digits), determined by a central GSM body FAC = Final Assembly Code (2 digits), identifies the manufacturer SNR = Serial Number (6 digits), an individual serial number of six digits uniquely identifying all equipment within each TAC and FAC sp = spare for future use (1 digit) e. g. 52518 + 00 + 581976 + 3 Where, 35 is for Nokia Handsets According to the GSM specification, IMEI has the length of 15 digits. 2. 5 Location Area Identity (LAI) LAI is used for location updating of mobile subscribers. LAI = MCC + MNC + LAC MCC = Mobile Country Code (3 digits), identifies the country. It follows the same numbering plan as MCC in IMSI. MNC = Mobile Network Code (2 digits), identifies the GSM/PLMN in that country and follows the sam e numbering plan as the MNC in IMSI. LAC = Location Area Code, identifies a location area within a GSM PLMN network. The maximum length of LAC is 16 bits, enabling 65 536 different location areas to be defined in one GSM PLMN. E. g. 404 +22 + 10000 where 10000 is the LAC for Pune. 2. 6 Cell Global Identity (CGI) CGI is used for cell identification within the GSM network. This is done by adding a Cell Identity (CI) to the location area identity. CGI = MCC + MNC + LAC + CI CI = Cell Identity, identifies a cell within a location area, maximum 16 bits e. g. 404 + 22 + 10000 + 726 Where, 404 + 22 + 10000 is the LAI for Pune and 726 are the CI of one of the cells of Pune. CI is different for all the three sectors of the cell. . 7 Base Station Identity Code (BSIC) BSIC allows a mobile station to distinguish between different neighbouring base stations. BSIC = NCC + BCC NCC = Network Colour Code (3 bits), identifies the GSM PLMN. Note that it does not uniquely identify the operator. NCC is primarily used to distinguish between operators on each side of border. BCC = Base Station Colour Code (3 bits), ident ifies the Base Station to help distinguish between BTS using the same BCCH frequencies e. g. 71 Where 7 is the NCC for IDEA Operator. and 1 is the BCC. BCC can range from 0 to 7 Chapter 3 GSM Network Elements GSM stands for Global System for Mobile communication is a globally accepted standard for digital cellular communication. GSM is the name of a standardization group established in 1982 to create a common European mobile telephone standard that would formulate specifications for a pan-European mobile cellular radio system operating at 900 MHz. It is estimated that many countries outside of Europe will join the GSM partnership. GSM provides recommendations, not requirements. The GSM specifications define the functions and interface requirements in detail but do not address the hardware. The reason for this is to limit the designers as little as possible but still to make it possible for the operators to buy equipment from different suppliers. The GSM network is divided into three major systems: ? The switching system (SS) ? The base station system (BSS) ?The operation and support system (OSS) 3. 1 GSM BASIC BLOCK DIAGRAM Department of EC 2010 Lovely Institute of Technology, Phagwara 14 RF OPTIMIZATION AND PLANNING 3. 2 BASIC GSM NETWORK ARCHITECTURE 3. 2. 1 SWITCHING CENTRE Department of EC 2010 Lovely Institute of Technology, Phagwara How to cite Sop for Msc in Electrical Engineering, Essay examples

Awakening And Madame Bovary Essay Example For Students

Awakening And Madame Bovary Essay Kate Chopins The Awakening and Gustave Flauberts Madame Bovary are both tales of women indignant with their domestic situations; the distinct differences between the two books can be found in the authors unique tones. Both authors weave similar themes into their writings such as, the escape from the monotony of domestic life, dissatisfaction with marital expectations and suicide. References to fate abound throughout both works. In The Awakening, Chopin uses fate to represent the expectations of Edna Pontelliers aristocratic society. Flaubert uses fate to portray his characters compulsive methods of dealing with their guilt and rejecting of personal accountability. Both authors, however seem to believe that it is fate that oppresses these women; their creators view them subjectively, as if they were products of their respective environments. Chopin portrays Edna as an object, and she receives only the same respect as a possession. Ednas husband sees her as and looks, at his wife as one looks at a valuable piece of personal property which has suffered some damage. P 2 : The Awakening Chopin foils their marriage in that of the Ratignolles who, understood each other perfectly. She makes the classic mistake of comparing ones insides with others outsides when she thinks, If ever the fusion of two human begins into one has been accomplished on this sphere it was surely in their union. P 56 : The Awakening This sets the stage for her unhappiness, providing a point of contrast for her despondent marriage to Mr. Pontellier. She blames their marriage for their unhappiness declaring that, wedding is one of the most lamentable spectacles on earth. P 66 : The Awakening She sees their lifetime pledge to fidelity and love as merely a social trap; the same forces that bind them oppress her. Simultaneously, Mademoiselle Reisz, who sent a keen tremor down Mrs. Pontelliers spinal column which perhaps is the tremor that marks the beginning of Ednas self discovery. A certain light was beginning to dawn dimly within her, the light which, showing the way, forbids it. P 13 : The Awakening As she explores her world, other men, swimming, and her other romantic pursuits, she experiences her epiphany; she finds that the world has much to offer and kills herself in the lamentation of that which she cannot truly have. Edna finds herself filled with An indescribable oppression, which seemed to generate in some unfamiliar part of her consciousness She did not sit there inwardly upbraiding her husband, lamenting at Fate, which had directed her footsteps to the path which they had taken. P 6 : The Awakening Edna takes an active part in finding happiness within her world. She pursues her swimming and other men in the interest of ending the monotony she lives with as a result of her being confined into her aristocratic society. Emma Bovary, being both protagonist and antagonist, by contrast experiences her epiphany solely at death. She takes the arsenic when she realizes all that she will not get from what she already has. Her light of discovery is found only in the darkness of her death. She laments not what she does not possess, but what happiness her world does not give her. Hers is a story of spiritual emptiness and foolish idealism. Emma tried to find out what one meant exactly in life by the words bliss, passion, ecstasy, that had seemed to her so beautiful in books. P 24 : Madame Bovary She searches for that which is found in the fantasy world of books in her own world and falls short of her expectations. Charles, her husband, she takes for granted as She would have done so to the logs in the fireplace or to the pendulum of the clock. P 44 : Madame Bovary Flaubert allows her to see Charles as an object just as Mr. .u229146c2a0d2d8c81c1b78b5c9f6b467 , .u229146c2a0d2d8c81c1b78b5c9f6b467 .postImageUrl , .u229146c2a0d2d8c81c1b78b5c9f6b467 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u229146c2a0d2d8c81c1b78b5c9f6b467 , .u229146c2a0d2d8c81c1b78b5c9f6b467:hover , .u229146c2a0d2d8c81c1b78b5c9f6b467:visited , .u229146c2a0d2d8c81c1b78b5c9f6b467:active { border:0!important; } .u229146c2a0d2d8c81c1b78b5c9f6b467 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u229146c2a0d2d8c81c1b78b5c9f6b467 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u229146c2a0d2d8c81c1b78b5c9f6b467:active , .u229146c2a0d2d8c81c1b78b5c9f6b467:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u229146c2a0d2d8c81c1b78b5c9f6b467 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u229146c2a0d2d8c81c1b78b5c9f6b467 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u229146c2a0d2d8c81c1b78b5c9f6b467 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u229146c2a0d2d8c81c1b78b5c9f6b467 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u229146c2a0d2d8c81c1b78b5c9f6b467:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u229146c2a0d2d8c81c1b78b5c9f6b467 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u229146c2a0d2d8c81c1b78b5c9f6b467 .u229146c2a0d2d8c81c1b78b5c9f6b467-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u229146c2a0d2d8c81c1b78b5c9f6b467:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Great Gatsby – The American Dream EssayPontellier sees his wife as an object. Although the characters are of the opposite sex, leaving both of the women displeased with their men, and moreover, their lives. Edna and Emma both use people Emma is also used herself when needed, and are discarded when they have outlived their usefulness: Charles was someone to talk to, an ever-open ear, an ever-ready approbation. She even confided many a thing to her greyhound! Emma treats Charles as her personal dog, she uses him as she uses everyone else in the book. Perhaps it is because of her antagonistic nature that, She would open his letters, spy on his whereabouts, and listen behind the partition when there were women in his consulting room. P 35 : Madame Bovary It is ironic that she would do these things, as she is the adulterer, searching to assure herself that he is not doing the same harm to her which she is doing to him. Through this paranoia, Once lively, expansive, and generous, she had become difficult, shrill voiced, and nervous as she grew older, like uncorked wine which turns to vinegar. P 30 : Madame Bovary As she sours in her downward spiral she takes those from whom she would reap happiness with her. Both women indulge in their new findings, and subjectively fall into their desires. Flaubert compares Emma with a martyr as, she looked at the pious vignettes edged in azure in her book, and she loved the sick lamb, the Sacred heart pierced with sharp arrows, and poor Jesus stumbling as He walked under His cross She attempted t o think of some vow to fulfill. Emma indeed carries her own cross, but she does not stand for anything but her own greed; she stays home darning his socks. And so bored! Longing to live in town and dance a polka every night. Poor little woman. Gasping for love, like a carp on a kitchen table gasping for water. Indeed, Emma has almost as much sense as the carp, her mind reduced to only fulfilling her carnal desires. She wants to feel nothing: She was in a blissful state of numbness. Her soul sank deeper into this inebriation and was drowned in it P 188 : Madame Bovary Because living brings her only disappointment she is only pacified when she is comfortably numb. When she finally discovers that her feelings are as empty as her desires and that her desires are as empty as her relationships she kills herself. The Awakening and Madame Bovary both have nearly identical subject matter; distinct from one another only by the authors tones. Two passive women are subjected to situations where they feel oppressed and constrained. They have extramarital affairs and explore their worlds. At the ends, they die at their own hands. Chopin sees her protagonist in the light of sympathy, using literature as a device portraying her characters in a sympathetic light. Flaubert, using nearly the same characters, produced a 300-page soap opera, having once described literature as Athe dissection of a beautiful woman with her guts in her face, her leg skinned, and half a burned-out cigar lying on her foot http://mchip00. med. nyu. edu/lit-med/lit docs/webdescrips/flaubert191-des-. html; his tone is apparent in his commentary. The two stories are actually quite identical, as if two different narrators had told the same tale.

McDonald’s global marketing strategy Essay Example

McDonald’s global marketing strategy Essay 1. Identify the cardinal elements in McDonald’s planetary selling scheme ( GMS ) . In peculiar. how does McDonald’s near the issue of standardisation? McDonald’s has become the most celebrated and successful fast-food eating houses all over the universe. The construct of fast nutrient and American-style nutrient ( Burgers. french friess ) has conquered the universe. We can speak about standardisation sing Mcdo’s scheme: the selling mix is fundamentally the same. Merchandises: Fast nutrient. American nutrient ( Burgers. french friess and sodium carbonate ) Monetary value: Cheap. Burger Index * Promotion: American manner. mass communicating. attract kids. same trade name name. colourss and logo Topographic point: Quick service. crowded country However. we can non talk about a entire standardisation since McDonalds has adapted its bill of fare. worsening its selling mix sing some facets of the local civilizations. * The enlargement and standardisation of the beefburger has led to the creative activity of a monetary value index that can be used as an economic mention between different states known as the Big Mac Index. 2. Make you believe authorities functionaries in developing states such as Russia. China. and India welcome McDonald’s? Do consumers in these states welcome McDonald’s? Why or why non? We would believe that McDonalds would hold problem to turn up in states with really distant imposts or instead loath to the American manner of life. But the trade name had a really good construct. We will write a custom essay sample on McDonald’s global marketing strategy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on McDonald’s global marketing strategy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on McDonald’s global marketing strategy specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer McDonalds was besides a manner for these countries’ population to eat abundantly for little budgets. When McDonalds opens its first eating house in Russia. the company creates its ain supply concatenation. including farms. within the USSR. For political grounds. McDonald’s Canada was responsible for this gap. with small input from the U. S. McDonalds has managed to derive the trust of local governments and local population by working with agricultural manufacturers to develop local supply nutrient beginnings. Mentalities and civilizations have besides evolved a batch. since the beginning of globalisation. In Asia. immature people rapidly fall in this manner of eat. because it was much more modern. However. McDonalds didn’t deny the important food’s imposts: In 1996 when McDonald’s entered in India for the first clip. it offered a Big Mac made with lamb called the Maharaja Mac. 3. At the terminal of 2003. McDonald’s announced it was selling the Donatos Pizza unit. Then. in 2006. the Chipotle concatenation was spun off. In visible radiation of these strategic actions. buttocks McDonald’s chances for success beyond the burger-and-fries theoretical account. MacDonald’s wanted to confirm itself in its nucleus concern: Burger and french friess. So they decided to concentrate on their basic construct and to abandoned concerns they believed to be complimentary. This scheme of specialisation allows: A cost-leadership An betterment of productiveness A leader’s statue in footings of inventions An first-class market’s cognition To give clear brand’s individuality and ends better defined In making so. they wanted to restore themselves as the mention n ° 1 of Burger A ; fries’ fast-food. 4. Is it realistic to anticipate that McDonald’s – or any well-known company – can spread out globally without on occasion doing errors or bring forthing contention? Why do anti-globalization dissenters around the universe often aim McDonald’s? I think that a company can spread out globally without needfully doing large errors. But in this instance. that company should put a batch of money in marketing research upstream but besides continually to be ever cognizant of the local environment. The local every bit good as general determinations must take into history all collected informations. Here is the ground why there are sometimes errors. It is an intricate procedure. which requires clip and money. But it goes without stating. that each operation must be consistent with each marketing’s location. Sing McDonald’s. it is normal that all freshnesss proposed haven’t ever been liked because country’s nutrient. gustatory sensations and eating wonts are really variable depending on each population. McDonald’s has been really executing in happening a basic bill of fare that pleases about everyone. This is that power which has Mcdo. to standardise eating wonts. that scares anti-globalists. In fact. nutrient is frequently a beloved component to 1s who wish to continue their cultural individuality. Finally. I guess it is possible to be accepted world-wide. but it is hazardous to change the traditions of the foreign state in which the company want to set up itself. Case 2: Acer’s scheme. 1. Acer’s scheme has been described as divide and conquer. Explain. Acer. founded in 1976 by Stan Shih. is the 4th computing machine maker in the universe. The Chinese group is specialized in fabrication and commercialisation of computing machines. proctors and other computing machine peripherals. The different trade names of the group are: Acer. Packard Bell. Gateway and eMachines. Contrary to McDonalds. Acer has opted for a scheme of distinction instead than standardisation. Indeed. when Stan Shih uses the phrase divide and conquer it’s to foreground the group’s determination to continue the individuality and personality of each group’s trade name and to utilize the privileged relation that these trade names have built over the old ages with their ain clients: Packard Bell targets the general populace eMachines the big public first price Gateway marks larger companies Acer focal point on mobility to pull both consumers and the SoHo market ( Small office and Home Office ) 2. How did the global markets-local markets paradox figure into Stan Shih’s scheme for China? Stan Shih determination to concentrate on the Chinese market is rather self-contradictory sing the divide and conquer strategy : The word divide is a paradox because Acer wants to refocus on the Chinese market. so the mark will be much more homogenous. And on the other manus. conquer is non the involvement here because Chinese are already conquered. So the scheme division is rather self-contradictory every bit far as local markets are concerned. because the population is more unvarying. But this scheme is possibly really successful excessively at a local degree. 3. Can Acer go the world’s 3rd largest Personal computer company. behind Dell and Hewlett-Packard? We can so conceive of that Acer may go the world’s 3rd largest Personal computer company. Since the refocus of Acer in China. the consequences have been impressive. However. it must stand out from Lenovo. To turn its market portions. Acer must hold a more planetary position and this will do the difference. If the group wants to alter this ranking. he can non keep its scheme to the Chinese market. Acer should besides better its B to C. because it is more recognized in the universe of B to B. Acer has to be more advanced and derive the trust of diverse populations. 4. Even before the current economic crisis deepened. growing in the U. S. Personal computer market had begun to decelerate down. Despite strong competition from Dell and Hewlett-Packard. Acer’s U. S. market portion increased from 1 per centum in 2004 to 3. 3 per centum by the terminal of 2006. What are Acer’s chances for deriving farther portion in the United States? It was hard for Acer to come in in the US’ market: Dell and HP have a monopoly in the Personal computer at that place. The United States enlargement is really closely linked to the meeting with the American computing machine hardware maker Gateway. while the European move is related to the acquisition of the Packard Bell company. Acer’s purpose is to offer a broad scope of computing machines: the determination to maintain the different trade names by look intoing that they don’t overlap is an ideal combination. EMachines offers inexpensive desktop. Acer made inexpensive laptops and Gateway is located in the midrange and high terminal. This is likely what has allowed Acer to increase its market portion. and it is likely thanks to its inexpensive scope that the crisis hasn’t had any impact on its growing in the United States.

Free Essays on Cyber Criminals

A young teen calling himself â€Å"Mafiaboy† was arrested in Montreal, Canada early April of 2000. His crime? He was charged with at least one of the Denial-Of-Service (DoS) hacker attacks that blocked access to such popular sites as Yahoo!, Amazon, and eBay. –â€Å"Dembeck† Thirty years ago, a juvenile delinquent like â€Å"Mafiaboy† would be reduced to say, setting a mailbox on fire or some other adolescent prank. Now, with today’s technology, his â€Å"adolescent prank† disrupted world wide E-commerce and attracted massive media attention. Hackers like â€Å"Mafiaboy† are becoming more and more abundant these days, and are finding more innovative ways to accomplish their wide variety of goals. Their goal may be to send a virus to the computer of someone they dislike. Some of these â€Å"Cyber Criminals† hack into websites and destroy information, others hack into government or company computers, steal money and information, pirate software and more. There are many forms of computerized crime; most computer crime can be traced back to one common tool (besides a computer of course) the Internet. Yes, the same information super-highway that is used by millions of people everyday has become, to a hacker, nothing more than a gateway to easy, and thanks to up-to-date technology, relatively safe criminal mischief. The Internet is used for many good things, and is an irreplaceable tool for today’s world commerce, but thanks to cyber criminality, it is also a dangerous weapon that threatens that same commerce and even the security of the civilized world. There are about five main types of computerized crime. Illegal or offensive material is the first and one of the most common types. This is where the â€Å"criminal† posts illegal or offensive information or material on websites, netgroups, etc. Another common form of cyber crime is sending threatening or offensive e-mails. Sending ANY e-mail that appears to be threatening in nature, ... Free Essays on Cyber Criminals Free Essays on Cyber Criminals A young teen calling himself â€Å"Mafiaboy† was arrested in Montreal, Canada early April of 2000. His crime? He was charged with at least one of the Denial-Of-Service (DoS) hacker attacks that blocked access to such popular sites as Yahoo!, Amazon, and eBay. –â€Å"Dembeck† Thirty years ago, a juvenile delinquent like â€Å"Mafiaboy† would be reduced to say, setting a mailbox on fire or some other adolescent prank. Now, with today’s technology, his â€Å"adolescent prank† disrupted world wide E-commerce and attracted massive media attention. Hackers like â€Å"Mafiaboy† are becoming more and more abundant these days, and are finding more innovative ways to accomplish their wide variety of goals. Their goal may be to send a virus to the computer of someone they dislike. Some of these â€Å"Cyber Criminals† hack into websites and destroy information, others hack into government or company computers, steal money and information, pirate software and more. There are many forms of computerized crime; most computer crime can be traced back to one common tool (besides a computer of course) the Internet. Yes, the same information super-highway that is used by millions of people everyday has become, to a hacker, nothing more than a gateway to easy, and thanks to up-to-date technology, relatively safe criminal mischief. The Internet is used for many good things, and is an irreplaceable tool for today’s world commerce, but thanks to cyber criminality, it is also a dangerous weapon that threatens that same commerce and even the security of the civilized world. There are about five main types of computerized crime. Illegal or offensive material is the first and one of the most common types. This is where the â€Å"criminal† posts illegal or offensive information or material on websites, netgroups, etc. Another common form of cyber crime is sending threatening or offensive e-mails. Sending ANY e-mail that appears to be threatening in nature, ...

Puerto Rico and U.S. Presidential Elections

Puerto Rico and U.S. Presidential Elections Voters in Puerto Rico and other U.S. territories are not permitted to vote in the presidential election under the provisions set forth in the Electoral College. But they do have a say in who gets to the White House. Thats because voters in Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, and American Samoa are permitted to participate in the presidential primary and are granted delegates by the two major political parties. In other words, Puerto Rico and the other U.S. territories get to help nominate the presidential candidates. But voters there cannot actually participate in the election itself because of the Electoral College system. Can Puerto Ricans Vote? Why cant voters in Puerto Rico and the other U.S. territories help elect the President of the United States? Article II, Section 1 of the U.S. Constitution makes it clear that only states can participate in the electoral process. Each State shall appoint, in such Manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a Number of Electors, equal to the whole Number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress, the U.S. Constitution reads. The Office of the Federal Register, which oversees the Electoral College, states: The Electoral College system does not provide for residents of U.S. Territories (Puerto Rico, Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Northern Mariana Islands, American Samoa, and the U.S. Minor Outlying Islands) to vote for President. The only way citizens of the U.S. territories can participate in the presidential elections is if they have official residency in the United States and vote by absentee ballot or travel to their state to vote. This â€Å"disenfranchisement† or denial of the right to vote in national elections - including presidential elections - also applies to U.S. citizens residing in Puerto Rico or any of the other U.S. unincorporated territories. Although the committees of both the Republican party and Democratic party in Puerto Rico select voting delegates to the parties’ national presidential nominating conventions and state presidential primaries or caucuses, U.S. citizens living in Puerto Rico or the other territories cannot vote in federal elections unless they also maintain a legal voting residence in one of the 50 states or in the District of Columbia. Puerto Rico and the Primary Even though voters in Puerto Rico and other U.S. territories cant vote in the November election, the Democratic and Republican parties allow them to select delegates to represent them at the nominating conventions. The national Democratic partys charter, enacted in 1974, states that Puerto Rico shall be treated as a state containing the appropriate number of Congressional Districts. The Republican party also allows voters in Puerto Rico and other U.S. territories to participate in the nomination process. In the 2008 Democratic presidential primary, Puerto Rico had 55 delegates - more than Hawaii, Kentucky, Maine, Mississippi, Montana, Oregon, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Vermont, Washington, D.C., West Virginia, Wyoming, and several other states with populations lesser than the U.S. territorys 4 million. Four Democratic delegates went to Guam, while three went to the Virgin Islands and American Samoa each. In the Republican presidential primary of 2008, Puerto Rico had 20 delegates. Guam, American Samoa, and the Virgin Islands each had six. What are the US Territories? A territory is an area of  land that is administered by the United States government but not officially claimed by any of the 50 states or any other world nation. Most depend on the United States for defense and economic support. Puerto Rico, for example, is a commonwealth - a self-governed, unincorporated territory of the United States. Its residents are subject to U.S. laws and pay income taxes to the U.S. government. The United States currently has 16 territories, of which only five are permanently inhabited: Puerto Rico, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and American Samoa. Classified as unincorporated territories, they are organized, self-governing territories with governors and territorial legislatures elected by the people. Each of the five permanently inhabited territories may also elect a non-voting â€Å"delegate† or â€Å"resident commissioner† to the U.S. House of Representatives. The territorial resident commissioners or delegates function in the same way as members of Congress from the 50 states, except they are not allowed to vote on the final disposition of legislation on the House floor. However, they are allowed to serve on congressional committees and receive the same annual salary as other rank-and-file members of Congress. Sources Frequently Asked Questions. U.S. Electoral College, Office of the Federal Register, U.S. National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C. Section 1. Article II, Executive Branch, Constitution Center. The Democratic National Committee. The Charter the Bylaws of the Democratic Party of the United States. DNC Services Corporation, August 25, 2018.

The importance of analysis and analytical skills to the manager making Essay

The importance of analysis and analytical skills to the manager making decisions in business - Essay Example From this research it is clear that the importance of analysis and analytical skills to the manager making decisions in a business cannot be refuted. This is more so in today’s rapidly changing business environment and the availability of â€Å"too much† information due to the convergence of information technology, media and telecommunications. As is in life or any other important event in our lives, before embarking on a project planning is the first thing that managers have to do. As the clichà © goes, failure to plan is planning to fail. Planning involves a series of decisions that may range from operational to strategic. Project planning is a subset of operational planning whose core aim is to come up with a document referred to as a project plan. Within the project plan, managers and other stakeholders who were involved in the planning process define the objectives of the project, its scope, how the project will be conducted, the time allocated, cost estimates and roles and responsibilities of all the personnel who will be involved. Project planning involves four main steps that can be subdivided into additional steps depending on the task at hand. These steps are: establishing project goals, setting project deliverables, agreeing on project schedule and ensuring that there are support plans in place. The advantages of project planning are derived from each of these steps. In step one, stakeholders are identified, there needs outlined and project goals are set prioritizing the stakeholder needs. The advantage of this is that the outcomes are SMART goals which imply that it will be easy to detect whether the project is advancing, stagnant or regressing. Step two specifies the items to be delivered, how they are to be delivered and when they should be delivered. This advantage of this stage is that it sets up the key parameters that can be optimised using software tools to design the most effective and efficient project schedule. With a pletho ra of project management software currently in the market managers can easily identify critical path. Step two and three enable managers to balance the â€Å"tetrad trade-off† of: product scope, quality grade, time-to-produce and cost-to-complete. The final step of setting up support plans involves establishing risk management plans, communications plans and HR plans. The advantages here are numerous such as: having contingencies in place in case of anything, ensuring information goes to the right people during project implementation and using HR allocation to aid in establishing the project budget. There are also disadvantages to project planning such as: (1) at times it may take too long to come up with a plan – as rival companies catch up; (2) at times the planning committee may get lose sight of the purpose of the planning as they get bogged down in unnecessary detailing; and (3) it may lower implementation flexibility – which is dangerous in a rapidly chang ing environment – since personnel will may feel restricted by the options availed in the plan. 2.0. Financial modelling Investopedia (2011) defines financial modelling

Advertising and Promotion in UltraChromSpec (UCS) Term Paper

Advertising and Promotion in UltraChromSpec (UCS) - Term Paper Example This paper illustrates that UltraChromSpec rapidly established a great reputation for its deliverance of superior quality standard of sales and service. As a result, the business of UltraChromSpec expanded drastically in its different field of activities not only in the US but also outside the Swiss borders into Austria and Germany. After twelve years of its initial foundation, UltraChromSpec started to execute its business operations outside Germany by having collaboration with one of the Swiss pharmaceutical giants i.e. Kaiser-Holzer (K-H). Gradually, UltraChromSpec transformed itself from a distributor to a manufacturer. In this connection, after the transformation from a distributor to a manufacturer, the businesses of UltraChromSpec were formed in three major divisions. One of the divisions is the Medical Division. In this division, UltraChromSpec started to sell mainly the hospital laboratory instruments and the critical care products which are manufactured by Kaiser-Holzer (K- H). The other division is the Analytical Division. In this division, UltraChromSpec started to sell electro or optical laboratory instruments. The other division has been the Electronics Division. In this particular division, UltraChromSpec started to sell electronic components and computer peripherals. According to Bruno Muller, the vision statement of the business policy of UltraChromSpec is, â€Å"Experience has realized us that we cannot do everything, but at least we can be sure that the activities in which we are engaged to do benefit our customers†. It has been identified that the marketing team of UltraChromSpec which is situated in the headquarters in Zurich had reorganized especially the Analytical Division into two business units and the units were again segregated into two distinct groups. The two business units of the Analytical Division include Analytical Chemical Business Unit (which is again divided into two groups namely Spectrophotometry Product Group and Ch romatography Product Group) and Biochemistry Business Unit which is again sub-divided into Ultracentrifugation Product Group and Nuclear Counting Product Group.

War of Talent in Globalization Essay Example for Free

War of Talent in Globalization Essay Today, with a number of changes taking place in the world, one thing has become a clear reality that countries have changed their policies and criterion because of increasing waves of international competition. Talent hunt on the international scale is something almost every single nation, especially the developed world, is conscious of. The competition to hunt talent for the local economy is so remarkable that countries like Germany, famous for its tradition phobia for immigration, have shown inclination to attract foreign people to their country. Moreover, countries like China and Korea have started working in the same direction. Australia and Canada can be placed in the first row of the race, though. This hunt for talent has become very swift in the present times though it is not something new. According to David (2006) around 70% professionals working in science and engineering department of U. S. are natives of non-OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) countries. Additionally, a great portion of expatriate professionals that come to the OECD are from developing countries. About half of the total students in OECD countries are from the developing world. It is estimated that almost in every 10 tertiary educated grown-ups, who was born in the developing world, was living in U. S. Australia, Canada, or Western Europe in the year 2001. As shown by studies of World Bank and IMF, there is high correlation between talented people with sound education and legal migration. The rate of legal educated migrants is 4% higher now than it was ten years ago (37% and 33% respectively). Moreover, highly-skilled workers’ migration is another portion of the pie that is picked by the developed world. For examples, around 600,000 highly-skilled professionals work outside their native country, at any given moment, on temporary visas. The number of students (both men and women) studying at graduate and under-graduate level abroad has also almost doubled now (1. 6 million) as compared to 20 years ago. This is all because global climate for economic warfare has changed. For example, according to World Bank’s development research group’s director L. Alan Winters, worldwide migration of people to the OECD countries is to life up overall welfare of the world. If these countries increase migration by 3%, the world welfare would grow by 150 billion dollars which would be a much better gain than removing all kinds of restrictions on trade activities; and highly skilled workers come in the most affective category of this increase in migration . According to the author such terms as brain drain, war for talent should be discarded by the entire world because there is a more positive approach that the entire world can take of such programs as high-skilled migration (HSM), because by such programs all the countries can mutually benefit from exchange of knowledge. Although it is right that less developed countries are more at stake of loss by programs like HSM, the world should create an environment where positive-sum can benefit all. What is a point of regression here to the present writer is that either is it the label of HSM or war for talent, one thing is quite clear that developed countries are attracting professionals to their lands for their own good. Then, I must ask, how is it possible to abandon such terms as represent the situation clearly? One more disagreement that I would raise here is that David (2006) has provided the current picture of what is happening in the world regarding talent, how, then, can it be rational to be only imagine that the more powerful countries would initiate efforts by which developing world can benefit? Although this is right to bring ideas about how the world should be but staying away from reality is more dangerous. For example, the writer himself presents the case of Africa and Caribbean where educational system and health care have been hollowed out. Therefore, to me war of talent hold absolutely good in today’s context of globalization and should be referred to wherever necessary.

The Character of Othello Essay -- GCSE Coursework Shakespeare Othello

The Character of Othello      Ã‚      Shakespeare's Othello is not simply a play which embodies the conflict between insider and outsider. The paradigm of otherness presented in this play is more complicated than the conclusion, "Othello is different; therefore, he is bad." Othello's character is to be revered. He is a champion among warriors; an advisor among councilmen; a Moor among Venetians. Yes, Othello is a Moor, but within the initial configuration of the play, this fact is almost irrelevant. His difference is not constructed as â€Å"otherness.† Othello, by his nature, is not an â€Å"otherized† character. Besides being the dark-skinned Moor, Othello varies in no real way from the other characters in the play. Further, Othello and Iago can be seen as two sides of the same destructive coin. With Iago as a foil and subversive adversary, Othello is not faulted for the indiscretions he commits. It is the invention and projection of otherness by various characters in the play, especially Ia go, which set the stage for the tragedy of dissimilarity which is to ensue. Continually confronted with his difference, and apparently associated inferiority, Othello eventually ingests and manifests this difference in a violent rage against the symbol and defining emblem of his otherness, Desdemona. Yet, who is to blame? Which character is redeemed through our sympathy so that another can be condemned? Othello, the dark-skinned murdering Moor, himself. The separation of his otherness from explicit and innate evil contrasted with Iago's free-flowing and early-established taste for revenge and punishment, alleviates Othello from responsibility. Surely, Othello has wronged and is to be held reprehensible--with his death--but even this is a self-infli... .../www. Galileo pechnet.edu Bloom, Harold. "Introduction" Modern Critical Interpretations, Othello Ed. Harold Bloom, Pub. Chelsea House New Haven CT 1987. C. W. Slights. "Slaves and Subjects in Othello," Shakespeare Quarterly v48 Winter 1997: 382. J. Adelman. "Iago's Alter Ego: Race as Projection in Othello," Shakespeare Quarterly v48 Summer 1997: 130. Jones, Eldred. "Othello- An Interpretation" Critical Essays on Shakespeare’s Othello. Ed. Anthony G. Barthelemy Pub. Macmillan New York, NY 1994. Neely, Carol. "Women and Men in Othello" Critical Essays on Shakespeare’s Othello. Ed. Anthony G. Barthelemy Pub. Macmillan New York, NY 1994. Norman Sanders, ed. Othello. Cambridge: New York, 1995: 12. Snyder, Susan. "Beyond the Comedy: Othello" Modern Critical Interpretations, Othello Ed. Harold Bloom, Pub. Chelsea House New Haven CT 1987.   

Case Study About Procter and Gamble Company Essay

Procter and Gamble Company Case Analysis This case study analysis focused on Procter and Gamble Company’s marketing plans and strategic options on its light-duty liquid brands (LDL). Procter & Gamble is the world’s largest producer of household and hygiene products. By 1981 P&G operated in 26 countries and sales totaled $11.4 billion with 90 consumer and industrial products manufactured in the United States. The case study provided some very detailed data analysis and reports in terms of the company history and background, organizational structure, key factors to its success in the marketplace, the relationship among advertising, sales, product development (PDD), manufacturing, and finance departments, and its light-duty liquid brands (LDL). Highlight of Company History, Organization, and Key Success Factors * In 1890, Procter & Gamble Company was incorporated with a capital stock value of $4,500,000. The capital allowed the company to build plans, buy new equipment, and develop new products. * Sales volume do ubles every 10 years. * Success factors are 1) dedicated and talented human resources, 2) a reputation for honesty and trust, 3) prudent and conservative management philosophy, 4) innovation in superior quality of products at competitive prices, and 5) substantial marketing expertise. * The company organized its products in terms of 8 categories: 1) package soap and detergent, 2) bar soup and household cleaning, 3) toilet goods, 4) paper products, 5) food products, 6) coffee, 7) Food Service and lodging products, and 8) special products. * Brand group planned, developed, and directed the total marketing effort for its brand through development of the annual marketing plan. * Brand group worked closely with other four lines. Sales department provided important perspective on consumer and trade promotion acceptance, stock requirement to support competitive pricing. * Product development department ensured continued improvement on brand’s quality through extensive consumer and laboratory tests. * Brand group worked with manufacturing department on detailed brand volume estimates. Their interaction was crucial to new product development process. * Based on the volume and marketing expenditure forecasts provided by the brand groups, financial/cost analyst developed and fed back brand profit and pricing analyses as well as profit and rate of return forecasts on new products and  promotion. Using the information, Mr. Chris Wright, associate advertising manager of the Packaged Soap and Detergent Division (PS&D) of the Procter & Gamble Co., was trying to determine how the division could increase volume of its light-duty liquid detergents (LDLs), capture more shares from the market, and increase long-term or short-term profit. The three options that Wright considered are new brand introduction, product improvement on an existing brand, and an increase in marketing expenditures on existing brands. Each option is analyzed as follows: New Brand Introduction: Pros: * P&G’s current LDL played a leading role in the market place. The success of its Dawn brand clearly indicated a likelihood of another new brand with a distinctive benefit could increase further P&G’s LDL Volume. * Wright saw new product potential in all three market segments (performance, mildness, and price brands) * For performance brand, market research indicated that 80% of U.S. households scour and scrub their dishes at least once a week. H-80 invented by new technology as a high-performance product which can fulfill a clear consumer need based on research. The 4-week blind in house use test of H-80 and established competitive LDL, was a strong indicator of its potential success. * For mildness segment, a new brand which differentiates its mildness benefit can help the declining segment recapture the consumers. * Although P&G’s’s price segment had been in decline, it was expected to stabilize at its current share level due to the increasing consumer sensitivity to price resulting from the depressed state of economy. * Wright considered the potential of producing a brand with parity performance benefits to existing price brand competition at a cost that allowed PS&D to maintain a good profit. Cons: * The new brand would require $20 million in capital investment to cover additional production capacity and bottle molds. * The new LDL brand also needs at least $60 million for first-year introductory marketing expenditures. * The introduction of new product would take about two years plus one year if test market was needed. So three years indicated that the profit return would be a long-term investment. Product Improvement on an  Existing Brand: Pros: * Unlike new opportunity, product improvement such as introduction of H-80 formula to one of the current LDL brands would require less investment. It would cost $20 million for the improvement and $10 million as incremental marking expenditures, which was $50 million less than a new brand. * On top of it, Joy brand could cut its cost of goods by $3 million per year if this new formula was introduced. The brand relaunch would cost $10 million in marketing expense with no capital investment. Cons: * Although there is a data supporting how H-80 formula would capture the market, there was lack of data of the introduction of H-80 formula to the existing current LDL brands. * If consumers have already established a certain image of Joy brand group, can the change of formula attract new consumers and retain the existing consumers? * The introduction of new product would take about one year plus two year if test market was needed. So three years indicated that the profit return would be a long-term investment. Increase Marketing Expenditures on Existing Brands Pros: * Since the market has been static with the LDL category, Wright might avoid increasing the capital investment and reduce investment risk. * Wright could expand the overall profits by capturing larger market shares using extra advertising and promotion techniques. Cons: * There was lack of data supporting the increase in marketing expenditures on existing brands could produce the desired market share increase. * For some segments such as price brands, increasing advertising and promotion would not increase sales and market share if the price didn’t decrement accordingly. This was especially true in the depressed state of economy. Recommendations: The recommendation was to go with the combined feature of having both long-term and short-term investment. Introduction of a new product such as  H-80 appeared to be a too costly investment. In such a depressed state of economy, it was not a smart decision to invest $80 million for the new product. Out of $80 million, $60 million was only used to cover the cost of the first year, not to mention incremental cost for the next few years. The product would require 3 years in order to be introduced to the market. Using the cost/benefit analysis, I think the first option of new brand introduction was too risky. We could combine option 2 (product improvement) as a long-term investment with the option 3 (increase marketing expenditure on existing brands) as the short-term investment. Combining these two options could increase the sales volume with very minimum capital investment. In return, it meant less risk for Procter & Gamble. The timeframe with one long-term investment and one short-t erm investment allowed Procter & Gamble the time, resources, and capital to focus on two endeavors strategizing more efficient plans to tackle the charging and competitive market. Especially the case also indicated that increased marketing expenditures could be approved almost immediately if the plan was financially attractive.

Essay about change Essay

Period 5 Change can be a journey for everyone because the world is constantly changing and we have to adapt to these changes. Sometimes change can be a good thing, like getting a promotion at work. Sometimes change is disappointing or sad, such as a close family member dying. Either way, change is something that happens to everybody all the time. I think that in this era more things are changing more rapidly. This generation has to adapt to many changes in culture and our society. Because things change so rapidly, sometimes you need a chance to slow down and live in the moment. In this essay, I will explore how change is a journey that everyone takes. The first word in the Change category is â€Å"forward.† I think the word can inspire people to change their lives for the better. When you think about the word â€Å"forward†, you picture aptitude and change for a better world. Moving forward in life is about being passionate in what you do. People who don’t have a passion for anything lead boring lives. To move forward you also have to have lots of positive experiences. Being positive is always good for you because if you are negative you can’t have the outlook on life that positive people have. I think the word â€Å"forward† can apply to me because I try to stay positive and passionate in life. The next word that I can apply to my life is â€Å"excitement.† Everyone loves to be excited, because it’s the opposite of being bored, and your brain does not like to be bored. I think that excitement can fuel the brain to do things it would not be capable of in boredom. A lot of life is about being excited. Excitement relates to change because to make any major changes in life you have to be excited, or positive, about what you do. I think the word relates to my life because I am not usually bored. I try to stay emotionally active at all times. The final word I will discuss is â€Å"possibility.† Possibilities in life only come to those who can adapt to changes in the world. People who can find  niches in life and make a profit from them know how to adapt and make possibilities for themselves. Change and possibilities are similar because when things change new possibilities always arise from them. People can apply the word possibility to their lives because possibility is vital to your success as a person. To conclude, nearly everything in life revolves around constant change. A modern example is the stock market, where nothing is really permanent. Another example is death, a natural process of change. Changes also happen within people. As a person grows up and matures, his or her personality changes greatly. â€Å"There is nothing permanent in life except change,† said the philosopher Heraclitus. Some call change or variety â€Å"the spice of life.† Change is the very nature of being. Every new day is different from the previous day. Tides come and go. Sometimes a whole river changes its course. Changes that take place in nature we have little or no control over. However, changes in our personal lives can be manipulated to some extent, and if you’re careful, it can turn out well for you. Change is just a fact of life, and in order to be successful, you must learn to adapt to changes.

Free Essays on A Dolls House

A Doll’s House In 1879 the first stage production of Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House caused quite a stir, ending with what one critic called â€Å"the slammed door that reverberated across the roof of the world†. (Handout, A Doll’s House, Ibsen, pg 580) It is hard to imagine today that a woman leaving her husband and children behind to go find herself could even raise an eyebrow, but this was the Nineteenth Century. This was a time of openly displayed male dominance, where women were brought up to be economically, socially, and psychologically dependent on men and especially on the institutions of marriage and motherhood. Women were expected to be the trophy, the plaything, as well as the means for bearing children for their husbands and, during this time, women did what was expected of them. They allowed themselves to be spoiled and didn’t let on if they minded not being able to think for themselves. Ibsen’s character, Nora, turned all these traditiona l roles upside down in 1879, with one closing of the door. Nora Helmer was raised by her father according to the traditions of that period, meaning she was expected to absorb his opinions, ideas, and tastes rather than develop her own. She was made to believe her greatest role in life was in becoming a wife and mother. Her father, like her husband, did not take her seriously but treated her like a doll or a plaything. She performs for her husband in exactly the way he wants her to perform. He wants her to be pretty and childlike, with no head for business. Nora knows if she behaves the way he wants, it will make him happy. His values will have been flattered by her playfulness and his ego will be stroked. It is then she can get what she wants. That in itself brings a sense of power over men that women have always had, and maintain today. In the play, Nora has secretly borrowed money, by forging her father’s name to an IOU, to take her seriously ill husband ... Free Essays on A Doll's House Free Essays on A Doll's House I found A Doll’s house to be a very complex and a very well thought out play. Rather than presenting the traditional happy ending Ibsen decided to end the play with a twist, especially for the times. I decided to take the ending that Ibsen used and prolong it. Through out the play I had a connection with the character of Dr.Rank. I felt that he provided guidance and advice to household. Since Torvald confided in him so much I felt that Nora should as well. I sent Nora to Dr.Rank’s home was mostly because of the conversation they had earlier when Rank told Nora had some feelings for her and also the fact he was the only other person Nora trusted or confided in at the time besides her friend Kristine. Since Nora left her home so confident and headstrong I did not want that momentum to die in the next act (IV). Even though DR.RANK was not in the best physical and metal condition I still wanted him to be an asset to the play. I believed that having that conversation in RANK’S home showed that she did care for him as well and that she also trusted him and the advise he had. I wanted to show NORA and DR.RANK having something in common in act IV because I felt they had a small connection during the play. Plus I wanted to show a change in character with DR.RANK because I wanted him to continue throughout the play. At the very end, when NORA asked rank for money it was the punch line related to the incident with Krogstad. The reason being I feel that NORA could never the independent women that she dreams of. Nor does know any other lifestyle and she always has to be controlled or comforted by someone.... Free Essays on A Doll's House In Henrik Ibsen’s, A Doll’s House, the character of Nora Helmer goes through the dramatic transformation from a kind a loving mother to an empowered woman. Her transformation is the personification of feminism during the nineteenth century. Torvald, her husband, represents society in the way he treats his wife. Nora rebels against this treatment and comes to realize that she is her own person, not a mother, not a wife, but a woman. In Act I Nora is still nothing more than a child, careless in her action and not thinking ahead to the possible consequences. She enters the scene, just returning from her Christmas shopping, planning to have a big holiday party. Her husband, Torvald, tells her that their budget this year won’t permit them to have the usual big holiday party they usually have. He speaks to her in a very condescending way, representing the way society viewed women at the time. Her treats her like a child, telling her that she doesn’t know better and calling her pet names like â€Å"songbird† and saying that she is â€Å"scatterbrained†. Society at this time viewed woman in the exact same way. Creatures meant to be taken care of because they â€Å"did not know better†. Torvald’s condescending manner serves to slowly push Nora closer and closer to the edge, finally pushing her over in the end. Toward the end of Act I a man named Krogstad enters onto the scene. This is the man from whom Nora has borrowed four thousand crowns to finance a trip to southern Italy. This meeting begins Nora’s slow transformation from the inferior half of society to the empowered woman. Krogstad comes to Nora seeking a favor. He works at the bank where Torvald is the manager and he has broken the law, but still wants to keep his job. He asks Nora to try to persuade Torvald to let him keep his job. When Krogstad asks this favor of Nora he highlights another role that society demands of women. He recognizes the feminine influ... Free Essays on A Doll's House â€Å"People who questioned how Nora Helmer could fare in the world on her own were not aware that it is a common theme in folklorethat of the innocent creature journeying through the world to discover basic human values...Only an innocent, fearless creature has the power of vision to see through false values of sophisticated society†{Marianne Sturman). This quote lays the foundation for the circumstances that kept the character, Nora, innocent and quite naive to the ways of the world. But, innocence should not be mistaken as an inability to adapt and overcome, as Nora completely demonstrates her ability to do so in Henry Ibsen’s play, â€Å"A Doll’s House.† Nora’s innocence allows her to see through the subterfuge and masks that polite society obtain in order to make their way in the world. However, in the time this play is set, Nora is kept, much like a doll, away from the necessity to struggle for a living. Lack of struggle does not make her unintelligent; in fact, she is just the opposite, having become a master manipulator. Of course, like most women of her time period, manipulation was the only way in which they could achieve their own goals. In this respect, women were reduced to the role of children. The men of the time, especially her husband Torvald, belittle their women and define them based on their potential as a companion, housekeeper, and the ability to produce offspring. This attitude is quite evident in Torvald’s belittling attitude of Nora. In one of the very first scenes between the two, the reader realizes that Torvald is going to be a domineering and demeaning person to Nora. He downplays her suggestions with dull phrases such as â€Å"how like a woman†(Ibsen 1011) and â€Å"Spendthrifts are sweet, but they use up a frightful amount of money† (Ibsen 1012). These are the types of phrases one uses with a child, which serves to reduce Nora to the status of a child. Torvald seems to take an ownership manne... Free Essays on A Doll's House A Doll’s House I believe that â€Å"A Doll’s House† could be updated because; most of the central ideas are still prevalent in today’s society. There are still women today that feel trapped by their marriages, still run away from their marriage’s leaving children behind, and still feel that it is important to do more then get married and have children. One of the reasons that I feel that â€Å"A Doll’s House† could be updated is that many women of today still feel trapped by their marriages. Some women, I’m sure this might be more common in upper class societies, fell that they are not equal to their husbands, just like Nora felt. They don’t receive all of the prestige and praise that their husbands do, and they wonder what their role is in the marriage. Many women of today still feel like they are a â€Å"doll† with nothing of importance to do. They have nannies and babysitters that practically raise their children, and so they feel that they don’t bring any real influence in raising their children. Just as Nora felt she didn’t have much influence in raising her children. Her husband even at one time was going to take her children away from her. In some cases all of these feelings can only be made worse if the wife in the marriage has no real college education. Then in this case she, is unable to get a job that is comparable to her husbands. This is exactly the problem that Nora had, and it was very frustrating to her. All these issues in today’s society can leave any women feeling trapped in her marriage just as Nora felt. On another note, although it is a lot more common now if not even a more accepted part of today’s society, women still run away from their marriage leaving children behind. All thought it would not be as shocking today’s society as it was in Nora’s time, there are still many cases of a wife leaving her family. I sure that everyone knows somebody that this has happened to... Free Essays on A Doll's House Influence Of Antigonism On A Doll's House It is very difficult to label something as a first in literature. Much the way inventions are often adaptations of previously patented objects, most authors borrow ideas and techniques form pre-existing media. In order to truly classify something as a first one must look for something entirely revolutionary, something that has never been done before. Two of these so called "firsts" include the first modern novel with Flaubert's Madame Bovary and what has been called the first modern play in Ibsen's A Doll's House. Regarding the latter, it is important to realize that while the play did break several molds which had endured for centuries, much was borrowed and adapted from past works. Of these, another "first" emerges for having shown a strong influence on Ibsen and his revolutionary play. Coincidentally, it is what historians refer to as on of the first plays in existence, Sophocles' Antigone. In merely looking at the surface, one notices right away that both plays are significant in that they avoid the social temptation of using a man as a protagonist. Looking deeper into the stories, however, one can see that in even more contradiction with society, the female characters go against men. Both Antigone and Nora step into the spotlight as the female hero who has been put in a compromising situation and is forced to decide whether it is more important to follow what society dictates, or go with what they feel is moral and just. Antigone is faced with the death of both brothers, one who is to be buried with full military rites, while the other, under dictate of the king, is to be cast aside and allowed to rot in the sun. She places family before the law, and ventures out to give her brother a proper burial. In A Doll's House, Nora too must decide where the line between right and wrong is drawn. In order to save her husband's life, Nora forges her fa... Free Essays on A Doll's House A Doll’s House In 1879 the first stage production of Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House caused quite a stir, ending with what one critic called â€Å"the slammed door that reverberated across the roof of the world†. (Handout, A Doll’s House, Ibsen, pg 580) It is hard to imagine today that a woman leaving her husband and children behind to go find herself could even raise an eyebrow, but this was the Nineteenth Century. This was a time of openly displayed male dominance, where women were brought up to be economically, socially, and psychologically dependent on men and especially on the institutions of marriage and motherhood. Women were expected to be the trophy, the plaything, as well as the means for bearing children for their husbands and, during this time, women did what was expected of them. They allowed themselves to be spoiled and didn’t let on if they minded not being able to think for themselves. Ibsen’s character, Nora, turned all these tradition al roles upside down in 1879, with one closing of the door. Nora Helmer was raised by her father according to the traditions of that period, meaning she was expected to absorb his opinions, ideas, and tastes rather than develop her own. She was made to believe her greatest role in life was in becoming a wife and mother. Her father, like her husband, did not take her seriously but treated her like a doll or a plaything. She performs for her husband in exactly the way he wants her to perform. He wants her to be pretty and childlike, with no head for business. Nora knows if she behaves the way he wants, it will make him happy. His values will have been flattered by her playfulness and his ego will be stroked. It is then she can get what she wants. That in itself brings a sense of power over men that women have always had, and maintain today. In the play, Nora has secretly borrowed money, by forging her father’s name to an IOU, to take her seriously ill husband ...

Architectural Design Considerations of a Light Warehouse Essay Example for Free

Architectural Design Considerations of a Light Warehouse Essay Warehousing – warehousing is the receiving, storage, and delivery of goods. Receiving – receiving is the acceptance of goods with a degree of accountability therefor. Storage – storage is the safekeeping of goods in a warehouse or other depository. Delivery – delivery is the transfer of goods to the transportation carrier or customer. Distribution – distribution is a function of warehousing which includes the preparation and delivery of goods according to plan or special order. Supply chain efficiencies depend upon the efficiency of logistics including transportation and warehousing operations. Warehouse efficiencies depend upon a combination of warehouse design, layout, infrastructure, systems, process and people. Warehouse Design element aims to maximize the utility of space, equipment and efficiency of operations. We will briefly cover the various elements of a warehouse design and understand their importance. In basic functional aspects, a warehouse function consists of – Material receipts including unloading, unpacking and inspection, put away and Storage of materials in various categories of storage locations, systems updating, pull materials for dispatch and delivery of materials after processing. Warehouse Location, Layout and Building The location of a warehouse should ideally be situated in a flat ground. The location should be easily approachable and in a area suited for this nature of business. Locations closer to markets or to national highways would be ideal. Public transportation and communication infrastructure should also be available. The layout of the building should be designed to accommodate fleet parking, and enable containers to drive in and drive out easily. Any time two containers should be able to pass through on the path without any interruption. There should be enough free space for vehicles to maneuver. The layout should also provide for other utility, safety and security operations. Building is normally constructed using galvanized metallic sheets mounted on C Section girdles. The flooring should be RCC concrete with weight bearing capacity as per requirement of the load to be calculated in each case. The ground should be flat, even and smooth surface to facilitate MHE movements and dust free. The roof height would be a major consideration to be able to install multi vertical storage racking installation. The walls and roof should be designed with suitable lighting panels and ventilators for air exchange fitted with bird cages. The number of loading and unloading docs and placement of these docs play an important role in the design of operations and efficiency of operation. All weather docks and the facility should enable 24 hours operations. Dock Levels. The docks should be equipped with dock levelers and all these have to be installed during construction phase itself. Ramps have to be provided to facilitate movement of forklift etc. Lighting design will depend upon the layout and the racking design. Internal Layout Internal layout design will be built taking into account the operational process, nature of goods, volumes of transactions both inbound and outbound, storage types, in house operations involving put away and pull sequences and process requirements including packing, kitting etc and the availability of floor space coupled with building layout design of inbound and outbound docks. The design aims to maximize space utilization, minimize MHE movement and Manpower movement. Types of Storage Types of storage are determined by the nature of cargo. Depending upon the cargo whether finished goods, raw material parts etc, the types of storage can vary from bulk stock, block stock, racking, pallet racking, shelf racking, binning, unit pick or loose pick face, carton pick etc. The storage types vary with nature of materials with different types of storage designs for drums, pallets, tires, cartons, tube and rods etc. Racking Designs & Material Handling Equipment Racking Design takes into account the storage type, storage unit, volume and weight coupled with the available floor space and roof height to design system which maximizes the storage capacity. Put away and picking process and transactional volumes are also taken into consideration. The inventory profile study would include detailing of number of SKUs in each category of fast moving, slow moving or other criteria as per the nature of business and the storage type would be designed as per the inventory profile and the process. Racking designs are very many and varies with the type of industries and nature of inventory. Normal racking designs include pallet racking on multiple levels. You can have shelving, binning or combination of bulk stock and forward pick face racking designs. Block stack racking and other types of high density racking can be found in FG warehouses. Mezzanine store binning and shelving rack designs are normally designed for spare parts and small parts. Highly automated racking designs can have automatic retrieval systems and conveyors in the warehouse. Material Handling Equipments are specified based on rack design coupled with pallet design, nature of cargo, weight and the warehouse layout etc. Forklifts, reach trucks, hand pallet jacks, trolleys are normal Material handling equipments in normal warehousing operations. Warehouse Layout Design – Sizing the Space Requirements Warehouse layout & sizing is a critical aspect of planning a new facility or re-designing an existing building. Many times organisations start from a fixed view of what size the facility will be, and most times the square footage is based on affordability. The problem with this, is that the building may end up be to big, and therefore more expensive or to small and put operational constraints into the facility before the design even gets off the ground. Warehouse Layout and Sizing: The correct way to size the facility is from the inside, that way the actual size required will fit the operational requirements, and will ensure that all available space is used and you are not paying for unused space. Estimating Space Requirements: Short and long term, based upon forecasts, historical usage patterns, and projected changes. Developing new layouts to maximize usage of space. Short- and long-range sizing of individual areas: racks, shelving, automated systems, docks, staging, offices, and support. The final sizing needs to come from the operational requirements of the building, this can only come from modelling the design. Key Factors to Consider during Warehouse Sizing Order Picking: Methods for Piece Pick, Case Pick, and Pallet Pick Operations. Deciding on the amount of space you will need is not just about how much product you wish to store. The type of picking you intend carrying out is a fundamental part of the decision process. The methods for order picking vary greatly and the level of difficulty in choosing the best method for your operation will depend on the type of operation you have. The characteristics of the product being handled, total number of transactions, total number of orders, picks per order, quantity per pick, picks per SKU, total number of SKUs, value-added processing such as private labelling, and whether you are handling piece pick, case pick, or full-pallet loads are all factors that will affect the decision on how much space will be required. Therefore when you have:- Full pallet picking you will need more racking space than open floor space. Lots of case picking you will need more ground floor pick faces, than you will need for full pallet picking and you may also need a case to pallet consolidation floor area. Lots of small quantity piece picking you will need packing & pallet consolidation areas on the floor. Holding requirements include defining the physical size of the inventory on hand. Unless the on-hand total is fairly stable across the year, it is usually preferable to plan for a high but not peak inventory level. To fully utilize the space, it is important to determine how product needs to be stored (e. g. , floor stacked, pallet rack, shelving, case flow) and how much of each fixture type will be required. Cube data (length ? width ? height) for each product is a very useful kind of information for many aspects of capacity planning. Workflow requirements encompass everything from how product arrives to how it leaves the facility and everything in between. The objectives of this aspect of planning are to minimize product handling, to reduce travel as much as possible, and to minimize the resource requirements (labor, packaging, transportation) to move the product to the customer. Among the factors to consider are the following: (1) Link the way product arrives with where it is to be stored (location capacity). If possible, store all of a product in one location and pick from that location as well. This does not work if stock rotation matters (expiration dates, serial number, or lot control issues). 2) Locate the highest-volume products (greatest number of orders, not physical size) closest to the outbound shipping area to minimize the travel required to pick and ship orders for them. (3) Because vertical travel is always slower, locate as many products as possible on or close to the floor. (4) Allow for staging space to handle product that is in transit, such as items waiting to be put away. Warehousing was supposed to disappear with L ean Manufacturing. This has rarely occurred but the nature of warehousing often does change from storage-dominance to transaction dominance. Warehousing buffers inbound shipments from suppliers and outbound orders to customers. Customers usually order in patterns that are not compatible with the capabilities of the warehouse suppliers. The amount of storage depends on the disparity between incoming and outbound shipment patterns. In addition, the trend to overseas sourcing has increased the need for warehousing and its importance in the supply chain. | Design StrategiesOne key to effective design is the relative dominance of picking or storage activity. These two warehouse functions have opposing requirements. Techniques that maximize space utilization tend to complicate picking and render it inefficient while large storage areas increase distance and also reduce picking efficiency. Ideal picking requires small stocks in dedicated, close locations. This works against storage efficiency. Automation of picking, storage, handling and information can compensate for these opposing requirements to a degree. However, automation is expensive to install and operate. The figure below shows how different transaction volumes, storage requirements and technologies lead to different design concepts. Architectural Design Considerations of a Light Warehouse. (2016, Dec 01).

Israel-Palestine Conflict and the Role of Egypt Essay

Israel-Palestine Conflict and the Role of Egypt - Essay Example The Israel-Palestinian conflict is one of the most important issues in the international politics and various efforts have been initiated by United Nations and various countries to resolve the issue and bring about a compromise between the two parties of the conflict but none of the efforts has been able to achieve success (Harms and Ferry). There are many other issues related to the conflict which include the economic failure of the Palestinian authority and the deplorable condition the Arabs in the region, the terrorist activities of the Islamic extremist, violation of international laws by both parties of the conflict and the human rights violations in the region. The conflict has gained extraordinary importance because of the fact that Jerusalem is the sacred city of the three major religious communities of the world; Christians, Jews and Muslims and due to the dismal security situation of the region, a large number of pilgrims are not allowed to visit their holy places. Both par ties of the conflict are not willing to show any type of flexibility in their stances and thus a deadlock persists despite repeated international interventions and efforts. The most feasible solution presented by the United Nations and the international community is the establishment of two states in the region, a Palestinian State for the Arabs and an Israeli state for the Jews; majority of people in the region agree on this solution, however they have failed to come up with an acceptable partition plan. The acts of violence committed by the Palestinian armed groups and the Israeli army have also complicated the whole peace promotion process. Important international actors in the conflict include United Nations, United States, Russia and the Arab League particularly Egypt. The history of the Israel-Palestine conflict can be traced back to the end of the 19th century when the first Zionist Congress was held in Switzerland with the establishment of the World Zionist Organization. The Jews of the world aspired to return to Zion (Jerusalem) as part of their religion, and that is why in the latter half of the 19th century the Jews started to organize themselves and started to strive for an independent Jewish homeland in the region of Palestine. The World Zionist Organization established a Jewish National Fund for encouraging the immigration of the Jews from various regions of the world to the Palestinian regions and large sums of money were spent on the purchase of land from the Ottoman rulers and later the from the British rulers. During that time, for the first time in history, Arab Nationalism also started to become popular among the Arabs of the world, particularly in this region. The Jews managed to buy large areas of land in the Palestinian regions and started to build the Jewish settlements and at the same time Jews from all over the world were encouraged to migrate to the Palestinian regions in the newly constructed settlements. During the beginning the mi nor conflicts stirred up because of the accidental killings by the Jews and Arabs in the regions, however the Arabs soon became aware of the Zionist ambitions of the Jews, particularly the peasants and farmers of the lands where the Jews have started to build settlements. These farmers, known as fellaheen felt dispossessed of their lands and started to protest before the Ottoman leaders about the increasing Jewish settlements

Macro Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Macro - Essay Example The popular opinion among monetary economists is that the central banks should focus on inflation control as the basis for the creation of jobs as opposed to the reverse method of spurring job growth by decreasing borrowing costs. The article states the case for a dual mandate for banks in the control of inflation and the management of the unemployment levels. The article discusses two major underlying macroeconomic topics, inflation and unemployment. I agree with the popular opinion that the central banks should focus on controlling inflation as the means to controlling inflation as opposed to lowering the borrowing costs as a method of spurring employment and curbing inflation. The Federal Reserve does not have control over congress spending and as such it can only manage the inflationary effects on employment over the unemployment effect on inflation. However the Federal Reserve can also engage in small scale initiatives to reduce the level of unemployment. Appelbaum, Binyami. ‘Fed Responds to a Grim Reality’. New York Times. September 14, 2012. Web. November 7, 2012.

A wall of funnels concentrates swimming bacteria Essay

A wall of funnels concentrates swimming bacteria - Essay Example It also shows how these microstructures can affect the living, breeding and feeding patterns of the microorganisms. The structures are also responsible for the change in populations and patterns that the microorganisms are used to. The results achieved were through using funnels that were laced with reactive ion and microlithography fluids that were mixed with silicon water. The funnel enclosures were placed in a way that the bacteria would swim and then were sealed with microscope slides. The analysis of the bacteria behavior and swimming modes was determined through reading and use of the microscope (Martinko & Madigan 63). The results were that the swimmers were green in color and fluorescent, which represented the mobility of the microorganisms. The bacteria were initially spread on the funnel and as they communicate with each other to move towards the microfluidic mixture. With time, the bacteria travelled from the broader side of the funnel to the narrow part where they concentrated and coagulated together (Martinko & Madigan 112). The research has contributed to the in-depth knowledge of survival strategies that we can look at when it comes to evolution.It helps the scientific world in analyzing the changes that can be made when it comes to mobility of bacteria and how to separate

Commuter Preferences on Road Transportation Modes

Commuter Preferences on Road Transportation Modes COMMUTERS’ PREFERENCES/CHOICES ON ROAD TRANSPORTATION MODE IN THE NIGER-DELTA: A CASE STUDY OF WARRI METROPOLIS, NIGERIA ATUBI, A. O. ABSTRACT Road transportation is essential/n the life of any modern society; this is because it entails the movement of people, goods and services from one place to another. It is the main medium used to revitalize the social, economic and political structures. The data used for this study were mainly from primary and secondary sources and from the analysis of the data, it was revealed that commuters in Warn metropolis prefer the use of motorcycle transportation to other means of transportation. For more rigorous analysis, an inferential statistical technique known as the multiple correlations was used. INTRODUCTION This study of transportation is multi-disciplinary, involving various disciplines each in a strict sense, with its own area of emphasis. For instance, whereas pricing and regulations are the main area of focus of economists, transport systems analysis is usually the interest of the engineers (Ikporukpo, 1998). It is generally recognized that the geographer’s interest is essentially the spatial perspective (Hoyle and Knowles, 1992: Knowles; 1993; Tolley and Turton, 1995). Indeed, Eliot-Hurst (1973) has argued that â€Å"transportation is a measure of the relationship between areas and therefore, is essentially geographical†. In spite of the disciplinary boundaries, it is increasingly becoming clear that the study of transportation is best approached through an interdisciplinary perspective. Ogunsaya (2002) recognized this when he said; although the process of spatial economic development of any country is a complex one involving several variables, transport stands out as a catalyst in the process of change in its development. Its role in agriculture, industry, commerce, health, education, tourism, among other is recognized’. Kraft et al (1971) observed that transport becomes a critical factor in regional growth since it determines the extent of which an area can capitalize on its economic development. Transport, as a derived demand, is the artery, which all human activities flow. Transport as the Bridge of spatial in equality that enables/aids development, is often use as an indicator of the overall development of a nation. No wonder, Onakornaiya and Ekanem (1977) said, any nation is as developed as her transport sector which is a basic service sector to all other sectors of the economy developed. Changes in the way economic activities are organized are well understood. However, as yet, the role of transport in facilitating these changes is well defined. Most recently, economic forces have been supplemented by technological changes, which have allowed many transactions to be carried out simultaneously. The quantity and speed of transactions have increased exponentially. A number of authors discussed these issues, the most notable being Downs (1989), Sassen (1999); Castells (2000; 2004). Transportation enables consumers to enjoy the availability of goods, which are not provided as produced in their immediate locality because of climate or soil condition, the lack of raw materials, utilities or labours or the cost of production. Such a system allowed consumers a choice of goods, which would not otherwise be available (United States Department of Transportation, 2000; 2004; Kruger et al 2001; Atubi and Onokala, 2003; Rodrigue, 2004). Recent urban transportation studies address the identification and measurement of behavioural variables in the development of spatial choices models. However, the choice of destinations is generally remain divorced from other travel choice, such as mode of travel and time of trip (Dommecich, 1985), as well as attempt to explain travel mode choice as a significant component of urban travel behaviours. For example, Ruston (1991), investigated consumer behaviours in space, which are based upon revealed preferences. This observed behaviour, may say very little concerning individual preferences. Individual attitudes are most often defined in terms of persons (Golob, 2000). Hartgen (1998) noted that the employment of attitudes as explained by variables is made choice of quantitative aspect of consumers demand. This modelling strategy is not limited to those attributes such as travel times and out of pocket cost which are easily quantified and characterized by an established and easily accessible metric. Hartgen and Tuner (2001) employed an attitudinal index to prevent travel mode choices. Allen and Isserman (1999) found that attitudinal variables are useful in discriminate models of mode choice, employing attitudinal and demographic variables within the framework of an automatic interaction detector analysis. Thomas (1997) observed that transport researchers have traditionally concentrated on a limited number of situation influence: socio-demographic variables such as age, sex, education, occupation etc. mode is for example sequential versus simultaneous has been shown to affect the estimated coefficient of spatial choice model. Banister (1989) in his study noted that the urban travel network, which has involved for example excessive fuel consumption, deterioration of urban air quality, peak hour congestion etc., provides an aggregate level of mobility that is unprecedented. However, the same urban network is also responsible for the existence of several travels disadvantaged minorities and a rapid decentralization of urban population and employment. It is generally agreed that the choice of travel has both contributed to and evolved from a decentralized urban form. PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURES Warn is the headquarters of the Warn South Local Government Area. It located in the Western Niger Delta region of Delta State and lies approximately between longitudes 5 °44’ latitude 5 °30’ and 6 °15’ (see fig. 1). Its location in the Niger Delta area makes it a very low-lying town. The position of Warn is about 6 metres above the sea level on the average and nowhere does it rise above 8 metres. The Warn River borders the town on the South and Eastern sides. For the purpose of data collection in the study area, purposive sampling technique was used to divide the study area into three zones for convenience. They include Enehren junction, Okere round about and cemetery road. These three areas were chosen because they are the most useable and busiest roads in Warn metropolis. People usually leave their place of resident for employment places between the hours of 6.30am and 7.30am. Also between the hours of 4.30pm and 6.30pm workers return from work. Based on this observation, traffic count was conducted in specific major roads in the study area. The count was done with a view to establish observable characteristics of the three models of transport (that is, taxi cabs, buses and motorcycles). The instrument used to elicit necessary information from the respondents include questionnaire, personal observation and oral interview. However, only two hundred (200) persons were selected to represent the target population through random sampling method. In analyzing the data the statistical tools used include the use of tables, percentages and statistical technique such as the multiple correlation statistics. DISCUSSION OF RESULTS In Warn metropolis, percentage of 6:30am to 9:00am count total was computed Table 1: Traffic Count at the Three Strategic Points in Warn Source: Field survey, 2005 for each of the three points. The same was done for the 4:00pm to 6:00pm count. The morning count summed up to 5377 vehicles. While the evening count summed up to 4458 in all the three points (see table 1). Enehren Junction by Warri-Sapele road attracted 42.6% of the traffic in the morning. While in the evening it attracted 35.6% of traffic flow in the different locations. This means that the number of vehicles that passed through this point in the morning far exceed vehicles that passed in the evening. This is as a result of most residents using the point to get to their work place and leave for different location after work in the evenings, as such some vehicles that did not pass this point in, pass it out. The same process was also obtained for the other locations. Okere Round About is located in such a way that it link together different routes in Warn metropolis. But this area does not have work places likes companies around it, likes what is found in Enebren axis. As such cannot rate as high as Enebren Junction axis in terms of vehicles tra1c flow. In the morning the route attracted 3 4.4% of traffic in the three points. While in the evening this route attracts 40.4% of traffic. The percentage of traffic flow in evening was high compared to that of the morning. This is as result of the fact that more routes are now being used in the evening after closing hour than what was used in the morning. The third route/zone where the traffic count was done was at Cemetery Road. This route attracted the least number of vehicular traffic flow, both in the morning and evening amongst the three routes used. It attracted 23.3% of traffic count in the morning and 24% of traffic count in the evening. This is as a result of the fact that the route does not link any major area like industrial area but it is a link to two markets in Warn (that is, Warri main market and Igbodu market). All the observations made with respect to directorial flow of traffic in the town show that most people prefer to use motorcycle to bus and taxi cabs. Table 2: Time of Operation Source: Field survey, 2005 Table 2 shows that 21 representing 52.5% of cabs operators are on part time while the remaining 19 represents 47.5% of cab operators on full time basis, 23 representing 38.3% while the remaining 37 representing 61.6% operates on full time basis. It was also observed that some operators on shift hour, that is, vehicle driven by two persons. In order to have a clear understanding of problems often faced by motorcycle, taxi cab, bus operators each of the operators interviewed was requested to identify some of the problems affecting his operation. The table below shows problems encountered by bus transport operators in Warn metropolis. This problem include commuters attitude to public transport, lack of fuel currency denomination etc. Table 3: Operational Problem Legend:1 Vehicle maintenance 2 Commuter Attitude 3 Fuel 4 Security Harassment 5 Bad Road/hold-up 6 Currency Denomination Table 3 above shows that bad roads and Police harassment have the highest percentage of problems encountered by the commuter operators. For every trip made a minimum ofN2O is obtained from Police by force or else they would be delayed from operating. Bad condition of roads is another factor that hinders smooth operation of transport in the study area. Most traffic jams and hold-ups are as the result of bad roads in Warn Metropolis. From the multiple correlations the result shows that 56% of commuter preference/choice cannot be explained by the effect of road transport mode in Warn Metropolis. This means that 56% are motorcycles. Commuters prefer the use than 44%, which are both taxicabs and buses. The implication of the result shows that there is a significant relationship between commuter preference/choice and road transport mode in Warn Metropolis. CONCLUDING REMARKS Warn Metropolis has been favoured by her position and location. The emergence of transport has helped to accelerate the growth rate and development. Since the emergence of motorcycle transportation there has been a significant change in the social and economic life of the inhabitants. This research has revealed that people prefer the use of motorcycle than taxicabs and buses as a result of its citywide access. The introduction of public transportation service has helped in alleviating the problem of mobility in Warn Metropolis. 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